Background: Obstructive azoospermia (OA) is most commonly caused by vasectomy, with up to 6% (of the 600,000 men undergoing vasectomy yearly in the United States) ultimately choosing surgical reconnection (reconstruction) following vasectomy. Other causes of obstruction are groin hernia repair (typically done during childhood), history of testicle/epididymis infection, or prior surgery to the testicle, epididymis, scrotum,